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Acanthaceae

Acanthaceae Juss. - Acanthus Family

1. Avicennia marina marina (Forsskál) Vierhapper

(Avicennia alba, Avicennia elliptica, Avicennia lanata, Avicennia obovata, Avicennia oepata, Avicennia officinalis, Avicennia spicata, Bontia germinans, Halodendron thouarsii, Racka ovata, Racka torrida, Sceura marina)

Common names: garam, Grey mangrove, qurm, shoura, shourah

Extract from Wikipedia article: Avicennia marina, commonly known as grey mangrove or white mangrove, is a species of mangrove tree classified in the plant family Acanthaceae (formerly in the Verbenaceae or Avicenniaceae). As with other mangroves, it occurs in the intertidal zones of estuarine areas.

Grey mangroves (Avicennia marina, qurm, shourah) surrounded by aerial roots (pneumatophores) at low tide in Purple Island (Jazirat Bin Ghanim). Al Khor, Qatar, February 19, 2010 Mangrove forest (Avicennia marina) near Purple Island (Jazirat Bin Ghanim). Al Khor, Qatar, February 25, 2011 Aerial roots (pneumatophores) of mangrove (Avicennia marina) at low tide at northern tip of Qatar, March 24, 2012 Mangrove forest (Avicennia marina) at low tide at northern tip of Qatar, east from Ruwais, March 24, 2012 Mangrove tree (Avicennia marina) in Al Aaliya Island (Jazirat al Aliyah). Qatar, March 27, 2013 Mangroves (Avicennia marina) with aerial roots (pneumatophores) in salt marsh near Jazirat Umm Tays, barrier island at northern tip of Qatar, east from Ruwais. Qatar, April 12, 2013 Aerial roots (pneumatophores) of mangroves (Avicennia marina) in salt marsh near Jazirat Umm Tays, barrier island at northern tip of Qatar, east from Ruwais. Qatar, April 12, 2013 Flowers of mangrove (Avicennia marina) near Purple Island (Jazirat Bin Ghanim). Al Khor, Qatar, March 7, 2014 Mangrove (Avicennia marina) with fruits near village of Al Jumail (Jumayl) west of Ruwais on northwest coast. Qatar, September 20, 2014 Fruits of mangrove (Avicennia marina) near village of Al Jumail (Jumayl) west of Ruwais on northwest coast. Qatar, September 20, 2014 Twig of mangrove (Avicennia marina) with fruits taken from a site west of Ruwais on northwest coast. Qatar, September 20, 2014 Dissected seeds of mangrove (Avicennia marina) with fruits taken from a site west of Ruwais on northwest coast. Qatar, September 20, 2014 Dissected half of a seed of mangrove (Avicennia marina) with fruits taken from a site west of Ruwais on northwest coast. Qatar, September 20, 2014 Cut halves of a seed of mangrove (Avicennia marina) with fruits taken from a site west of Ruwais on northwest coast. Qatar, September 20, 2014 Germinated seed of mangrove (Avicennia marina) in Purple Island (Jazirat Bin Ghanim). Al Khor, Qatar, October 9, 2014 Germinating seed of mangrove (Avicennia marina) taken from Al Khor. Qatar, October 9, 2014 Half dead mangrove forest (Avicennia marina) near Purple Island (Jazirat Bin Ghanim). Al Khor, Qatar, October 24, 2014 Seedling of mangrove (Avicennia marina) on Purple Island (Jazirat Bin Ghanim). Al Khor, Qatar, November 8, 2014 Mangrove trees (Avicennia marina) in salt marsh near Al Thakira. Qatar, December 5, 2014 Mangrove tree (Avicennia marina) near tidal river in salt marsh near Al Thakira. Qatar, December 5, 2014 Mangrove forest (Avicennia marina) north from Fuwairit. Northern Qatar, December 12, 2014 Flower of mangrove (Avicennia marina) near Purple Island (Jazirat Bin Ghanim). Al Khor, Qatar, January 9, 2015 Dead mangrove trees (Avicennia marina) near Purple Island (Jazirat Bin Ghanim). Al Khor, Qatar, April 4, 2015 Mangroves trees (Avicennia marina) near Purple Island (Jazirat Bin Ghanim). Al Khor, Qatar, April 4, 2015 Aerial roots (pneumatophores) of mangroves (Avicennia marina) exposed at low tide near Purple Island (Jazirat Bin Ghanim). Al Khor, Qatar, April 4, 2015 Close up of aerial roots (pneumatophores) of mangroves (Avicennia marina) exposed at low tide near Purple Island (Jazirat Bin Ghanim). Al Khor, Qatar, April 4, 2015 Flowers of mangroves (Avicennia marina) on Purple Island (Jazirat Bin Ghanim). Al Khor, Qatar, April 4, 2015 Mangrove tree (Avicennia marina) at sunrise on northern tip of Purple Island (Jazirat Bin Ghanim). Al Khor, Qatar, April 24, 2015 Mangrove trees (Avicennia marina) near northern cliffs of Purple Island (Jazirat Bin Ghanim). Al Khor, Qatar, April 24, 2015 Mangrove tree (Avicennia marina) on Purple Island (Jazirat Bin Ghanim). Al Khor, Qatar, April 24, 2015 Aerial roots (pneumatophores) of mangroves (Avicennia marina) on Purple Island (Jazirat Bin Ghanim). Al Khor, Qatar, April 24, 2015 Blooming mangrove tree (Avicennia marina) on Purple Island (Jazirat Bin Ghanim). Al Khor, Qatar, April 24, 2015 Mangrove tree (Avicennia marina) in salt marsh near Purple Island (Jazirat Bin Ghanim). Al Khor, Qatar, April 24, 2015 Flowers of mangrove tree (Avicennia marina) on white background near Purple Island (Jazirat Bin Ghanim). Al Khor, Qatar, April 24, 2015 Flowers of mangrove tree (Avicennia marina) on dark background near Purple Island (Jazirat Bin Ghanim). Al Khor, Qatar, April 24, 2015 Aerial roots (pneumatophores) of mangroves (Avicennia marina) Purple Island (Jazirat Bin Ghanim). Al Khor, Qatar, May 29, 2015 Aerial roots (pneumatophores) of mangroves (Avicennia marina) on littoral of Purple Island (Jazirat Bin Ghanim). Al Khor, Qatar, May 29, 2015 Blooming bush of mangroves (Avicennia marina) on littoral of Purple Island (Jazirat Bin Ghanim). Al Khor, Qatar, May 29, 2015 Mangrove tree (Avicennia marina) surrounded by aerial roots (pneumatophores) at low tide near a fishing village of Al Jumail (Jumayl) west of Ruwais. Northern Qatar, June 26, 2015 Line of aerial roots (pneumatophores) of a mangrove tree (Avicennia marina) at low tide near a fishing village of Al Jumail (Jumayl) west of Ruwais. Northern Qatar, June 26, 2015 Grey mangroves (Avicennia marina) surrounded by aerial roots (pneumatophores) at low tide near a fishing village of Al Jumail (Jumayl) west of Ruwais. Northern Qatar, June 26, 2015 Dead mangrove tree (Avicennia marina) near a fishing village of Al Jumail (Jumayl) west of Ruwais. Northern Qatar, June 26, 2015 Leathery fruits of mangrove (Avicennia marina) washed out on a beach of Purple Island (Jazirat Bin Ghanim). Al Khor, Qatar, August 29, 2015 Mangrove (Avicennia marina) with fruits on Purple Island (Jazirat Bin Ghanim). Al Khor, Qatar, August 29, 2015 Masses of dry flower buds of mangrove (Avicennia marina)(?) on littoral of Purple Island (Jazirat Bin Ghanim). Al Khor, Qatar, August 29, 2015 Mangrove tree (Avicennia marina) in salt marsh, view from causeway of Purple Island (Jazirat Bin Ghanim). Al Khor, Qatar, December 20, 2015 Mangrove forest (Avicennia marina) in salt marshes, view to the south from a hill on Purple Island (Jazirat Bin Ghanim). Al Khor, Qatar, December 20, 2015 Mangrove tree (Avicennia marina) in salt marsh on Purple Island (Jazirat Bin Ghanim). Al Khor, Qatar, December 20, 2015 Fresh leaves and shoots of mangrove tree (Avicennia marina) on Purple Island (Jazirat Bin Ghanim). Al Khor, Qatar, December 20, 2015 Mangrove trees (Avicennia marina) at low tide south from Purple Island (Jazirat Bin Ghanim). Al Khor, Qatar, December 20, 2015 Mangrove trees (Avicennia marina) in salt marsh at low tide Purple Island (Jazirat Bin Ghanim). Al Khor, Qatar, December 20, 2015 Mangrove forest (Avicennia marina) in salt marsh at low tide Purple Island (Jazirat Bin Ghanim). Al Khor, Qatar, December 20, 2015 Mangrove tree (Avicennia marina) at sunrise on Purple Island (Jazirat Bin Ghanim). Al Khor, Qatar, December 20, 2015 Lower side of leaves of a mangrove tree (Avicennia marina) on Purple Island (Jazirat Bin Ghanim). Al Khor, Qatar, December 20, 2015 Mangrove tree (Avicennia marina) with aerial roots (pneumatophores) on Purple Island (Jazirat Bin Ghanim). Al Khor, Qatar, December 20, 2015 Mangrove tree (Avicennia marina) in a marsh at sunrise on Purple Island (Jazirat Bin Ghanim). Al Khor, Qatar, December 20, 2015 Salt marsh with a mangrove tree (Avicennia marina) at sunrise on Purple Island (Jazirat Bin Ghanim). Al Khor, Qatar, December 20, 2015 Tree trunks of mangrove (Avicennia marina) on Purple Island (Jazirat Bin Ghanim). Al Khor, Qatar, December 20, 2015 Mangrove tree (Avicennia marina) in fog on west side of Purple Island (Jazirat Bin Ghanim). Al Khor, Qatar, December 20, 2015 Mangrove forest (Avicennia marina) in fog on west side of Purple Island (Jazirat Bin Ghanim). Al Khor, Qatar, December 20, 2015 Mangrove forest (Avicennia marina) with aerial roots (pneumatophores) on west side of Purple Island (Jazirat Bin Ghanim). Al Khor, Qatar, December 20, 2015 Mangrove tree skeletons (Avicennia marina) in shallow water near northern cliffs of Purple Island (Jazirat Bin Ghanim). Al Khor, Qatar, December 20, 2015 Mangrove tree (Avicennia marina) in shallow water near northern cliffs of Purple Island (Jazirat Bin Ghanim). Al Khor, Qatar, December 20, 2015 Group of mangrove trees (Avicennia marina) in shallow water near northern cliffs of Purple Island (Jazirat Bin Ghanim). Al Khor, Qatar, December 20, 2015 Mangrove forest (Avicennia marina) on north side of Purple Island (Jazirat Bin Ghanim). Al Khor, Qatar, December 20, 2015 Mangrove forest (Avicennia marina) near northern tip of Purple Island (Jazirat Bin Ghanim). Al Khor, Qatar, December 20, 2015 Lush mangrove forest (Avicennia marina) on north side of Purple Island (Jazirat Bin Ghanim). Al Khor, Qatar, December 20, 2015 Tall mangrove trees (Avicennia marina) on north side of Purple Island (Jazirat Bin Ghanim). Al Khor, Qatar, December 20, 2015 Blooming mangrove tree (Avicennia marina) on Purple Island (Jazirat Bin Ghanim). Al Khor, Qatar, May 28, 2016 Mangrove tree (Avicennia marina) on Purple Island (Jazirat Bin Ghanim). Al Khor, Qatar, May 28, 2016 Mangrove (Avicennia marina) with aerial roots (pneumatophores) on Purple Island (Jazirat Bin Ghanim). Al Khor, Qatar, May 28, 2016 Mangrove forest (Avicennia marina) on Purple Island (Jazirat Bin Ghanim). Al Khor, Qatar, May 28, 2016 Mangrove (Avicennia marina) with aerial roots (pneumatophores) at low tide on Purple Island (Jazirat Bin Ghanim). Al Khor, Qatar, May 28, 2016 Mangrove (Avicennia marina) with flowers on Purple Island (Jazirat Bin Ghanim). Al Khor, Qatar, May 28, 2016 Mangrove (Avicennia marina) with saplings emerging from aerial roots on Purple Island (Jazirat Bin Ghanim). Al Khor, Qatar, May 28, 2016 Dry mangrove tree (Avicennia marina) on salt marsh in Luwaima and Ras Al Qawar north from Al Thakhira. Qatar, June 18, 2016

2. Blepharis ciliaris (L.) B. L. Burtt

(Acanthodium delilii, Acanthodium spicatum, Acanthus delilei, Acanthus edulis, Acanthus pectinatus, Acanthus tetragonus, Blepharis edulis, Blepharis hirta, Blepharis obovata, Ruellia ciliaris)

Common names: begheil, Blepharis persica, Eyelash Plant, nejayae, nejaye, niqeyl, shawk al-Dhub, shouk al dab

Eyelash Plant (Blepharis ciliaris, Blepharis persica, Ruellia ciliaris, local names nejayae, shouk al dab) in sand near Trainah in southern Qatar, February 14, 2014 Eyelash Plant (Blepharis ciliaris, Blepharis persica, Ruellia ciliaris, local names nejayae, shouk al dab) with blue flowers near a road from Dukhan to Al Jumayliyah. Western Qatar, March 1, 2014 Lilac and white veined flower of Eyelash Plant (Blepharis ciliaris, Blepharis persica, Ruellia ciliaris, local names nejayae, shouk al dab) near a road from Dukhan to Al Jumayliyah. Western Qatar, March 1, 2014 Eyelash Plant (Blepharis ciliaris, Blepharis persica, Ruellia ciliaris, local names nejayae, shouk al dab) near a road from Dukhan to Al Jumayliyah. Western Qatar, March 1, 2014 Eyelash Plant (Blepharis ciliaris, local names nejayae, shouk al dab) in oasis in front of Film City in Ras Abrouq peninsula in west central coastal area, north from Zekreet. Qatar, November 14, 2014 Winter rosette of leaves of Eyelash Plant (Blepharis ciliaris) on roadside of a road to Al Nuaman (Al Numan) near Zubara. Northern Qatar, December 12, 2014 Shoot of Eyelash Plant (Blepharis ciliaris) on roadside of a road to Al Nuaman (Al Numan) near Zubara. Northern Qatar, December 12, 2014 Eyelash Plant (Blepharis ciliaris) with flowers on roadside of a road to Al Nuaman (Al Numan) near Zubara. Northern Qatar, December 12, 2014 Eyelash plant (Blepharis ciliaris, local names nejayae, shouk al dab) on a roadside of a road to Al Numan. Northern Qatar, February 28, 2015 Dry Eyelash plant (Blepharis ciliaris, local names nejayae, shouk al dab) on a roadside of a road to Al Numan. Northern Qatar, February 28, 2015 Eyelash plant (Blepharis ciliaris) on roadside at the entrance of Al Nuaman (Al Numan) near Zubara. Northern Qatar, March 20, 2015 Eyelash plant (Blepharis ciliaris) with flowers on roadside at the entrance of Al Nuaman (Al Numan) near Zubara. Northern Qatar, March 20, 2015 Dry eyelash plant (Blepharis ciliaris, local names nejayae, shouk al dab) in Jaow Al Hamar depression south from Trainah. Southern Qatar, November 6, 2015 Eyelash plant (Blepharis ciliaris, local names nejayae, shouk al dab) with a flower in a depression on roadside of a road to Zubara, area of Al Magdah farms. Northern Qatar, November 7, 2015 Blooming eyelash plant (Blepharis ciliaris, local names nejayae, shouk al dab) in a depression on roadside of a road to Zubara, area of Al Magdah farms. Northern Qatar, November 7, 2015 Seedling of eyelash plant (Blepharis ciliaris) in a depression on roadside of a road to Zubara, area of Al Magdah farms. Northern Qatar, November 7, 2015

3. Pseuderanthemum carruthersii (Seem.) Guill.

(Eranthemum carruthersii, Eranthemum moorei, Eranthemum nigrescens, Eranthemum nigrum, Eranthemum pacificum, Eranthemum whartonianum, Pseuderanthemum kewense, Pseuderanthemum maius, Pseuderanthemum pacificum, Siphoneranthemum moorei)

Common names: Carruthers falseface

My notes: Grows only in parks as planted bushes.

Extract from Wikipedia article: The Carruthers' falseface, (Pseuderanthemum carruthersii), is a species of plant in the Acanthaceae family. It is endemic to Asia.

White flowers with pink specks of Carruthers falseface (Pseuderanthemum carruthersii or may be reticulatum) in Al Shamal City Park. Ruwais, Northern Qatar, April 3, 2015 White flowers with pink specks of Carruthers falseface (Pseuderanthemum carruthersii or may be reticulatum) in Al Shamal City Park. Ruwais, Northern Qatar, January 16, 2016

4. Ruellia prostrata Poir.

(Barleria sudanica, Dipteracanthus dejecta, Dipteracanthus flaviflorus, Dipteracanthus genduanus, Dipteracanthus prostratus, Dipteracanthus richardianus, Ruellia deccanensis, Ruellia genduana, Ruellia methia, Ruellia nubica, Ruellia otaviensis, Ruellia pallida, Ruellia patula, Ruellia ringens, Ruellia wightiana)

Common names: bell weed

My notes: Grows on lawns as a weed.

Blooming bell weed (Ruellia prostrata) in a mat of trimmed Sesuvium plants on a lawn at Al Bidda Street near crossing with Al Adaid in West Bay. Doha, Qatar, April 28, 2015 Bell weed (Ruellia prostrata) taken from Al Bidda Street near crossing with Al Adaid in West Bay. Doha, Qatar, April 28, 2015 Side view of a flower of bell weed (Ruellia prostrata) taken from Al Bidda Street near crossing with Al Adaid in West Bay. Doha, Qatar, April 28, 2015 Bell weed (Ruellia prostrata) on dark background taken from Al Bidda Street near crossing with Al Adaid in West Bay. Doha, Qatar, April 28, 2015 Flowers of bell weed (Ruellia prostrata) taken from Al Bidda Street near crossing with Al Adaid in West Bay. Doha, Qatar, April 28, 2015 Flowers of bell weed (Ruellia prostrata) on white background taken from Al Bidda Street near crossing with Al Adaid in West Bay. Doha, Qatar, April 28, 2015 Bell weed (Ruellia prostrata) growing among kalanchoe like succulent plants of spurflower (Plectranthus) in a park at Al Markhiya Street near a corner with Onaiza. Doha, Qatar, May 2, 2015 Flower of bell weed (Ruellia prostrata) growing among kalanchoe like succulent plants in a park at Al Markhiya Street near a corner with Onaiza. Doha, Qatar, May 2, 2015 Bell weed (Ruellia prostrata) growing among kalanchoe like succulent plants in a park at Al Markhiya Street near a corner with Onaiza. Doha, Qatar, May 26, 2015 Bell weed (Ruellia prostrata) under palm trees in a park at Al Intisar Street near a corner with Onaiza. Doha, Qatar, December 3, 2015

5. Ruellia simplex Wright

(Arrhostoxylum microphyllum, Cryphiacanthus angustifolius, Ruellia angustifolia, Ruellia brittoniana, Ruellia coerulea, Ruellia ignorantiae, Ruellia longipes, Ruellia microphylla, Ruellia spectabilis, Ruellia tweediana, Ruellia tweedieana)

Common names: Brittons wild petunia, Mexican bluebell, Mexican petunia

My notes: Ornamental plant.

Extract from Wikipedia article: Ruellia simplex (Britton's wild petunia, Mexican petunia, Mexican bluebell) is a species of flowering plant in the acanthus family, Acanthaceae. It is a native of Mexico, the Caribbean, and South America. It has become a widespread invasive plant in Florida, where it was likely introduced as an ornamental before 1933.

Mexican petunia (Ruellia simplex, Ruellia brittoniana) in a park at Al Intisar Street near a corner with Onaiza. Doha, Qatar, May 3, 2015 Flower of Mexican petunia (Ruellia simplex, Ruellia brittoniana) in a park at Al Intisar Street near a corner with Onaiza. Doha, Qatar, May 3, 2015 Back lit flower of Mexican petunia (Ruellia simplex, Ruellia brittoniana) in a park at Al Intisar Street near a corner with Onaiza. Doha, Qatar, May 3, 2015 Mexican petunia (Ruellia simplex, Ruellia brittoniana) in a park at Al Intisar Street near a corner with Onaiza. Doha, Qatar, December 1, 2015

List of plant families

• Ephedraceae
• Acanthaceae
• Aizoaceae
• Amaranthaceae
• Anacardiaceae
• Annonaceae
• Apiaceae
• Apocynaceae
• Asphodelaceae
• Asteraceae
• Bignoniaceae
• Boraginaceae
• Brassicaceae
• Burseraceae
• Cactaceae
• Campanulaceae
• Capparaceae
• Caricaceae
• Caryophyllaceae
• Casuarinaceae
• Cistaceae
• Cleomaceae
• Combretaceae
• Convolvulaceae
• Cucurbitaceae
• Cynomoriaceae
• Didiereaceae
• Dioscoreaceae
• Ehretiaceae
• Euphorbiaceae
• Fabaceae
• Frankeniaceae
• Geraniaceae
• Goodeniaceae
• Heliotropiaceae
• Lamiaceae
• Linaceae
• Lythraceae
• Malpighiaceae
• Malvaceae
• Meliaceae
• Menispermaceae
• Moraceae
• Moringaceae
• Muntingiaceae
• Myrtaceae
• Neuradaceae
• Nyctaginaceae
• Oleaceae
• Onagraceae
• Orobanchaceae
• Oxalidaceae
• Papaveraceae
• Phyllanthaceae
• Plantaginaceae
• Plumbaginaceae
• Polygalaceae
• Polygonaceae
• Portulacaceae
• Primulaceae
• Resedaceae
• Rhamnaceae
• Rubiaceae
• Rutaceae
• Salvadoraceae
• Sapindaceae
• Sapotaceae
• Scrophulariaceae
• Solanaceae
• Tamaricaceae
• Typhaceae
• Urticaceae
• Verbenaceae
• Violaceae
• Zygophyllaceae
• Arecaceae
• Commelinaceae
• Cymodoceaceae
• Cyperaceae
• Hydrocharitaceae
• Juncaceae
• Liliaceae
• Poaceae
• Ruppiaceae

Links

• Unknown plants or plants without names.
• Duplicate and extra pictures of plants.
• Earlier version of collection of plants.
• Other collections of pictures from Qatar: Lizards of Qatar, Cats of Qatar, Camels of Qatar, and Fish of Qatar.
• Picture archives.
• Home page of A. Sergeev.

Outside links

• Ekhlas M. M. Abdel Bary, The Flora of Qatar, Volume I: The Dicotyledons. Doha 2012
• Flora of Qatar, Volume II: The Monocotyledons
• Illustrated Checklist of the Flora of Qatar. John Norton et al. 2009
• Qatar eNature. Flora
• Ali Al-Rawi, Flowering plants of Kuwait, 1985
• Plants of Kuwait
• Flora of Saudi Arabia, Al-Qassim Region
• Flora of Eastern Saudi Arabia by Rain and Dust at Flickr
• Plants of South-Western Morocco
• Pictures from Qatar (Flickr/cpmkutty)
• Arabian plants by Gary Brown
• Flora of Israel

How the web page was created

• A list of plants with their common names was written using online sources and books.
• Web pages were written by a program consisting of several scripts.
• Full names, synonyms, and classification of plants were found online from catalogueoflife.org and theplantlist.org using a script.
• Pictures of plants were selected from a database using a script.
• This web page was written using a script.

Acknowledgements

QNHG (Qatar Natural History Group) and associated people, for a possibility to participate in their field excursions and to learn about local nature.